Other publications by and about Georg Fritz. |
Of all administrators in the Marianas, Georg Fritz (24 November 1865-18 November 1944) looms large. He was the first district administrator ('Bezirksamtmann') on Saipan starting on the day of the hand-over on 17 November 1899 and serving until March 1907. After the administrative restructuring of 1907 he was transferred to Pohnpei and tasked with the implementation of very unpopular measures. Trying to solve the local resistance to German plans through persistent and patient negotiations, he did not perform to the expectations of a colonial office desirous of obtaining quick results. While on recreation leave to Japan in 1909, Fritz was removed from his post and put in charge of the enlarged district of the Western Carolines and Saipan, based in Yap-the position he had previously sought. Taking this transfer as a criticism of his administrative capabilities, Fritz retired from the colonial service in late 1910 citing health reasons. In October 1912 Fritz went for eighteen months to Java to manage a plantation. Although Fritz expressed some antisemitic sentiments while in office, they did not come to the fore until after his retirement from the colonial service. In 1915, during World War I, he published an item arguing that Germany's colonial efforts had been a waste of effort and that Germany would have been better advised to concentrate in expansionist polices in Europe and Africa. In 1916 he joined the staff of the Deutsche Zeitung and later became its editor. In the early 1930s he worked as editor of a journal concerned with advertising. The items in this section are comprised of books addressing the events on Pohnpei after his departure [1653, 1655] and treatises on colonial and emigration policy [33, 35, 1656, 1694] as well as vignettes of his travels before [cf 1651, 1662], during [cf 1666, 1668] and after his position in Micronesia [cf 1658, 1659]. . |
| Anon. 1912. "Die Vorgeschichte des Aufstands in Ponape." [From the South Seas. The pre-history of the uprising on Pohnpei]. Der Ostasiatische Lloyd 26, no. 10, pp. 210-211. Review of Fritz' book 'Ad majorem Dei Gloriam! Die Vorgeschichte des Aufstandes von 1910/11 in Pohnpei. (see item 1653).
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| Anon. 1925. "Zum 60. Geburtstag von Geheimrat Georg Fritz." [On the 60th birthday of Councillor Georg Fritz]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). 1925, 24 November. Brief item on Fritz' anniversary, with a pastel sketch.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1892. "Aus dem Chaco." [From the Chaco]. Tägliche Rundschau (Berlin). Unterhaltungsteil. 1892, 19 May. Review of the scheme to sell shares in land and companies operating in the Chaco region of Argentina. Comments on the capabilities of German and German-speaking emigrants as settlers. Much of the commentary is based on the author's own experiences. Included because of Fritz' life experiences prior to coming to the Marianas.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1907. "Eine Reise nach Palau, Sonsol, und Tobi (mit vier Abbildungen)." [A trip to Palau, Sonsorol and Tobi (with four illustrations)]. Deutsches Kolonialblatt 18, no. 14, pp. 659-668. In August 1906 Georg Fritz, as acting administrator of the western Carolines, undertook a patrol voyage to the southern atolls of Palau aboard the government schooner Pohnpei, which had been made available to him for a three months period. Fritz mentions that a hydrographic survey had been carried out of Tanapag harbour by SMS Condor. The first stop of Fritz patrol visit was Rota where he ordered road building to recommence and where he introduced travel restrictions for entire families to reduce revenue loss caused by extended shopping expeditions to Saipan and especially to Guam. The harbour entrance to Rota had been cleared by explosive on a previous visit by SMS Condor. En route the vessel reached (by accident) Feis, which is described in detail. On Yap he critically comments of the ill chosen location of the cable station and the inadvisability of having chosen Yap over Palau as the seat of the German administration. Fritz speculates on the need to relocate to Palau. A description of Palau is included. On Yap and Palau he took on board nearly 100 people from the southern atolls, whose work contracts had expired and whom he offered to take back. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1912. Ad majorem Dei Gloriam! Die Vorgeschichte des Aufstandes von 1910/11 in Ponape. [To the highest glory of the lord! The prehistory of the 1910/11 rebellion on Pohnpei]. Leipzig: Dietrich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Theodor Weicher. 107 pp. Book discussing the social and political conditions leading up to the Sokeh's rebellion of 1910/11. Comments on the German attempts to change the traditional system of servitude and obligations towards the chiefs. Fritz as district administrator was charged with the implementation, As he tried to develop a consensus approach, the progress was slower than desired by Berlin. Fritz was eventually recalled and transferred to Yap, with Gustav Boeder taking his place and pushing reforms, which eventually led to the rebellion. Fritz is very critical of the role of the Catholic church. [Included here because of Fritz' prior involvement in the Marianas].
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| Fritz, Georg. 1912. "Leserbrief an den Herausgeber des Ostasiatischen Lloyd." [Letter to the editor of the Ostasiatische Lloyd]. Der Ostasiatische Lloyd 26, no. 10, p. 210. Letter accompanying a review copy of Fritz' book 'Ad majorem Dei Gloriam! Die Vorgeschichte des Aufstandes von 1910/11 in Pohnpei'. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1913. Die Kapuziner in Ponape. [The Capuchins in Pohnpei]. Leipzig: Dietrich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Theodor Weicher. 30p. Booklet responding to the Capuchin's criticism of is portrayal of their role in Fritz's book on Pohnpei prior to the Sokeh's rebellion. Fritz uses this booklet to defend his views (vindicated by a court decision regarding libel by his opponents) and continued to criticise the church. [Included here because of Fritz' prior involvement in the Marianas]. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1915. Die Ostjudenfrage. Zionismus & Grenzschluß. [The question of the eastern Jews. Zionism and Closed Borders]. München: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag. A treatise on the need for Germany to have colonies, and the danger posed by having too far flung colonial empires. He argues that the acquisition of vast colonial empires caused a weakening of German power in Europe. He further argued that the greatest mistake would be the reacquisition of the former German South Seas colonies from Japan, as Japan was a future necessary ally. | |
| Fritz, Georg 1915. Die Ostjudenfrage. Zionismus und Grenzschluß. [The question of the eastern Jews. Zionism and Closed Borders]. 4-6th Thousand. München: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag. Reprint of the item above.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1925. "Der Tempel der Weisheit." [The temple of wisdom]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). vol. 29, no. 3. 1925, 23 February. Travel description of the Borobudur on Java, based on Fritz' personal observations. Includes photographs taken by Fritz.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1925. "Bali-Insulinde." [Bali and Island Indonesia]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). vol. 29 Nº 6. 1925, 15 March. Popular item on the ethnography and travels on Java based on Fritz' personal observations. Includes photographs taken by Fritz.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1925. "Ceylon." Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). vol. 30, no. 19. 1925, 14 June. Popular item on the ethnography and travels on Ceylon based on Fritz' personal observations. Includes photographs taken by Fritz.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1925. "Die Inseln des Salomo (Buchbesprechung)." [The island of Solomon (book review)]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). S 342. 1925, 28 July. Book review included as an example of Fritz' journalistic work. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1925. "Nach Buenos Aires." [To Buenoa Aires]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). vol. 30, no. 30. 1925, 30 August. Popular item on the emigration opportunites and travels in South America based on Fritz' personal observations. Includes photographs taken by Fritz.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1925. "Bilder aus Argentinien." [Pictures from Argentina]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). vol. 30, no. 25. 1925, 4 October. P. 1, col. 3. Popular item on the emigration opportunites and travels in South America based on Fritz' personal observations. Includes photographs taken by Fritz.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1925. "Der Befreiungskampf Indiens." [India's fight for liberation].[Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). vol. 30, no. 529A Morning Issue. 1925, 11 November. P. 1, col. 3. Book review of A. Caihill, Verlorene Herrschaft (1924).
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| Fritz, Georg. 1927. "Ein Paradies of wankendem Boden. Jap und die Südsee." [A paradise on shifting ground. Yap and the South Seas]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). 1927, 2 January. Popular item on the ethnography and German period on Yap.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1929. "Geldsymbole in Mikronesien." [Symbols of money in Micronesia]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). 1929, 25 May. Description of forms of money in Micronesia, with reference to the stone money on Yap, Spondylus and other shell monies as well as Palau valuables.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1929. "Das Maternalrecht." [The matriarchical law]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). no. 142. 1929, 20 June. Popular item on the ethnography of the matriarchical law based on Fritz' travels in Indonesia. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1930. "Ein Jakaufest auf Ponape." [A sakau feast on Pohnpei]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). 1930 April. A description of a sakau ceremony written for a general audience, aimed at dispelling the myth that sakau was a dangerous drug leading people to become cannibals (as had been asserted in an article Fritz is responding to).
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| Fritz, Georg. 1930. "Zwischen Wüste und Urwald. Die Wirtschaft als Grundlage der Gesellschaft und Kultur." [Between desert and jungle. The economy as the basis of society and culture]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). 1930, 25 November. Review of a public lecture on the ethnography of the region of the White Nile.
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| Fritz, Georg. 1930. "Vergifting einer Missionsschule in Indien." [Poisoning of a mission school in India]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). 1930, 9 December. News comment on events in India. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1931. "Was lebt auf den Sternen by Desiderius Papp (Buchbesprechung)." [What lives on the star, by Desiderius Psapp (book review)]. Deutsche Zeitung (Berlin). 1931, 6 January. Book review included as an example of Fritz' journalistic work. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Die Anzeigen und Bevölkerungspolitik." [Advertisements and population policy]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) . (Berlin). 26, p. 666. Article discussing the relevance population politics will have on advertising. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Anzeigen werben für Anzeigen." [Advertisments advertise for advertisments]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 683. Item discussing the fact that the placement of advertisments in one sector will attract further advertisments from competitors. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Aus der Exportwerbung." [About advertising for export]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 578. Item describing the current advertising to reach export markets. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Bevölkerungspolitik und Werbug." [Population policy and advertising]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 632. Article demonstrating the relevance population politics will have on advertising. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Die deutsche Presse." [The German press]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 649. Article on the state of the German press in relation to the advertising industry. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Deutsche Sitten und Gebräuche." [German Habits and Customs]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 523. Item on German customs and how they form part of a market. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Gesetzliche Regelung der Werbe und Verkaufsmethoden in den USA." [The legislative regulation of advertising and sales methods in the USA]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 688. Description of the legislation of the USA, comparing it to the German situation. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Der Internationale Reklame-Kongress in Rom-Mailand." [The Internation Congress on advertising in Rome and Milan]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 535. Report on the International Advertising Congress. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Der Kalender." [The calendar]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 457. Calendar of events. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Die Kamera." [The camera]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 586. Item on advertising via films. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Die Kinobesucher." [The Cinema goers]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 710. Item discussing cinema goers as a suitable captive market for advertising. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Licht und Ton." [Light and sound]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 693. Article discussing the power of advertising via film. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Made In Germany." Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 544. Item discussing the value of a brand name. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Die Prüfungspflicht der Wirtschaftsbetriebe in öffentlicher Hand." [The auditing requirements of companies in public hand]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 442. Item on advertising by companies in the public hands. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Rumänien." [Romania]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 572. Article on business and advertising opportunities in Romania. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Der Rundfunk als praktisches Werbemittel." [The radio as an effective advertising medium]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 416. Article advocating the use of radio advertising. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Schutzmarken für ausländische landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnise." [Trademarks for foreign agricultural products]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 516. Article discussing how foreign agricultural products (and produce) can be protected from undue competition. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Unberechtigte Werbefeindlichkeit im Heilmittelwesen." [Unwarranted reticence to advertise by the pharmaceutocal industry]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 598. Article making the point that the reluctance of the pharmaceutical industry to engage in advertising was unfounded. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Von A bis Z durch die Gastronomie." [The A to Z of Gastronomy]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 615. Item discussing the special needs of advertising in the gatsronomic industry. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Was muss der Werbefachmann von der Wirtschaftswerbung ab 1. 11. 1933 wissen?" [What does the advertising specialist need to know about business advertising as of 1 November 1933?]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 605. Overview of the legislatiive changes effected 1 Nov. 1933. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Werbung in den Auges des Auslandes und der Wirklichkeit." [Advertising as seen from abroad, and its reality]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 412. Paper discussing the need to advertise so that foreign markets will take notice. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1933. "Das Zugabe Gesetz." [Legislation regarding Promotions]. Die deutsche Werbung (Die Reklame) (Berlin). 26, p. 402. Discussion of recent legal changes regulating the opportunities to provide free additional services and goods. | |
| Fritz, Georg. 1935. Südwanderung das Ende der nordischen Rasse. [Migration to the South-the end of the Nordic race]. Berlin: Richard Stahl. Discussion of German colonial policy in the 1930s and the need for a selective approach to colonies. .
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| Fritz, Georg. 1939. "Guanchen, eine wiedergefundene Rasse." [The Guanches, a rediscovered race]. Deutsche Zeitung. Unterhaltungsblatt (Berlin). 246, p. 2. Newspaper item on the physical anthropology of the Guanches of the Canary Islands (Atlantic). Contains some racial comments in line with Nazi ideology at the time.
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| Will, Hans. 1926. "Jap im Landesmuseum." [Yap in the State Museum]. Darmstädter Tageblatt (Darmstadt). 1926 July. Item on the exhibition of a series of artefacts and ethnographica collected by Georg Fritz on Yap.
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